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We are now showing you the meaning and definitions of the terms. Take your time to get informed and to check your knowledge again.
For further evaluation of this exercise, you can ask yourself the following questions:
What was useful to you? What was surprising? What was strange as well as worth remembering?

Racial profiling: refers to the practice of police or other law enforcement agencies that checks black people and people of color without concrete evidence or suspicion. Although this practice is banned in Germany and denied by the government, it still occurs again and again.

Microaggression: small assaults that do not cause serious damage only by itself but can cause a feeling of exclusion and isolation and can lead to depression and exhaustion. (by Alice Hasters)

Colorism: is the social marginalization and systemic oppression of people with darker skin tones and privileging of people with lighter skin tones. This happens within and across race, ethnicity, region, and culture. Colorism is a product of white supremacy, colonization, classism, and casteism. (by Dr. Sarah L. Webb, @colorismhealing)

Cultural appropriation: is taking an aspect of another (=not your) culture for personal gain while erasing the origin and meaning. Cultural appropriation erases nuance, depth and complexity. To avoid this: Check your motivations. Do you really need to wear a certain thing or do your hair in a different way than usual? (by Blair Imani, smarter in seconds)

Yellowfacing: is an anti-Asian and racist practice in which East Asian people are stereotyped and degrading in areas such as advertising, film, music, theatre and much more. For example, white people are cast for roles originally intended for Asian/ Pacific Islander (API)/ Asian American and Pacific Islanders (AAPI). In case of doubt, whole acts are adapted to a white person in order to make it accessible to a white audience (-> white gaze). Yellowfacing produces and cements stereotypes of East Asian people, influence violently their lives and have nothing in common with the actual diversity of identities. (by Tupoka Ogede)

White Gaze: describes an internalized white ethnocentric perspective. Accordingly, whiteness is viewed as the norm. For example, the whiteness of protagonists in literature is often not mentioned, but the ‘non-whiteness’ of -> BIPoC characters is. The white perspective sees itself as an objective authoritative norm that observes, categorizes, and names. White Gaze also acts as a corrective, classifying BIPoC and calling them ‘the others’ (-> Othering). For BIPoC, this can lead to imposter syndrome, the feeling and thought of not belonging in certain spaces and developing adaptation strategies accordingly. (by Tupoka Ogede)

Yom Kippur: is the highest Jewish holiday, a day of fasting and rest. Yom Kippur means “Feast of Atonement”. On this day, believing Jews reflect on their relationship with God and with their fellow human beings.

Environmental racism: was developed as a term by Benjamin Chavis, an African-American civil rights activist, in the 1980s. The phenomenon of environmental racism originally described the disproportionate threats faced by predominantly Black, Indigenous, and People of Color neighborhoods in the United States from landfills, toxic waste facilities, and other sources of environmental pollution. According to a study by African-American civil rights activists, areas where predominantly white people lived were at much lower risk. The causes are political, economic and ultimately racist. At the international level, environmental racism refers to regulations, measures and living standards from the global north that cause lasting damage to living conditions in the global south. (by Tupoka Ogede)

Gadjé is a Romanipe word, a collective term used to designate non- Roman people. This (not necessarily derogatory) term refers to any person without Romani past or present. Elsa Ferndandez is writing: “’Gadje’ is, as far as I know, transnational, transhistorical, and present in many novel languages and communities. I use the term ‘Gadje racism’ to describe, from a Romani perspective, the web of slander, denial and adribution and the extent of violence that Roma, Manouches, Sinti*zze, Kalé and other communities have experienced and survived.” (Elsa Fernandez, Fragmente über das Überleben – Romani Geschichte und Gadje-Rassimus, 2020)

Tokenism was coined as a term by the American sociologist Rosabeth Moss Kanter in the 1970s. Tokenism describes a practice in which a few people from a marginalized group are used as so-called ‘tokens’ in order to create the appearance of a diverse organization, company, group, etc. Tokenism serves to disguise a lack of diversity through symbolic politics, to protect oneself from external criticism and, above all, to maintain the status quo of power relations. (by Tupoka Ogede)

Stereotype threat: the sense of threat that arises when members of a minority fear confirming or reinforcing negative prejudices about that minority. Also: the danger of reinforcing preexisting stereotypes simply by knowing about them. (by Alice Hasters)

Ramadan is the Muslim fasting month and the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. According to Islamic belief, the Koran was revealed in it.

BIPoC: abbreviation for Black, Indigenous and People/Person of Color. Describes Black and Indigenous people and their particular experiences of discrimination with a special focus on the fact that Black and Indigenous people, unlike many other People of Color, are never considered or seen as white. (by Alice Hasters)

Gaslighting: is a tactic in which the reality and perception of the affected person is doubted and undermined. The person (or institution, organization) who is gaslighting denies facts, disregards feelings and does not recognize external circumstances. The aim is to unsadle the other person to such an extent that their own ability to feel and judge is questioned. Racist gaslighting involves consciously using racist stereotypes to manipulate the other person. By denying racism, the feelings of the affected person are defamed as irrational. Racist gaslighting aims to perpetuate the existing power imbalance between white people and BIPoC. (by Tupoka Ogede)

Intersectionality: refers to the interaction of different discrimination categories such as gender, race, age, sexuality, class, disability, … From an intersectional perspective, it is not about simply adding the categories, but about understanding how they interact and what concrete effects this multiple discrimination has on individuals and structures. (by Tupoka Ogede)

Othering: describes dynamics of exclusion and adribution, in which abilities, characteristics and much more of individuals or (constructed) groups are marked as special. It is not central whether the adributions and labels are meant positively or negatively, Othering generally assumes a deviation from ‘the norm’. The practice of Othering denies the individuality of the persons concerned and limits their development. (by Tupoka Ogede)